1901 con't
U.S. citizenship is granted to the Indians of the Five Civilize Tribes (Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles)

U.S. Steel Corporation is organized by financiers headed by Elbert H. Gray and J.P. Morgan.

Jacob Riis publishes the autobiographical work The making of an American.

Theodore Roosevelt became President following the assassination of McKinley.

T.R. brought to the American Presidency vigorous, able and practical political ability. Although he is criticized for not doing more to achieve the goals of the Progressive movement and promote social justice, he is recognized for his contributions as a realistic liberal. He led the nation in steps to preserve democracy against plutocracy, he set an example and roused Progressives in the states to correct the abuses of power and alt political corruption by entrenched wealth. His political judgment told him where he could succeed, to have moved too quickly would have jeopardized his success. The need for reform existed because predatory business monopolists by corrupting politicians threatened to destroy democratic government. as Roosevelt assumed the responsiblities of the presidency He urges "Speak softly and carry a big stick" to emphaisize the need for strong official policy. The saying becomes very popular, particularly among cartoonists.

"Speak Softly. . ." Puck Magazine, 1904

Roosevelt appoints Oliver Wendell Holmes to the Supreme court
Roosevelt initiates antitrust action against he National Securities Company

Roosevelt promotes mediation to settle the anthracite coal strike

Congress passes the Newlands Act

Frank Lloyd Wright, (1867-1959) , noted as the greatest American architect of all time, an interior designer, writer, and educator completes the Ward Willitts House in Illinois, the first of his "prairie style" homes. In the end, Wright designed 1,000 projects which of which more than 500 resulted in completed works.

Oregon becomes the state to adopt the use of the initiative and referendum. People can initiate popular bote on the laws and override rulings by the legislature.

Reclamation Act provides funds from the sale of publiclands to finance the irrigation of arid Western Areas. President is given the authority to retain public lands for public parks.

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