1909
Black and white leaders meet in New York and form the National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to fight against lynching and for the civil rights of African Americans.

The Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution is sent to the states for ratification. It grants Congress the authority to levy and collect income taxes.

700,000 acres of Government land in Washington, Montana, and Idaho is opened for settlement.

When women take up driving cars, a new field opens for fashion designers. Special clothes for motoring include a long veil to keep a lady's hat in place "Automobile wrinkles" are soothed away by the application of, freshly cut cucumbers.




Arctic explorer Robert E. Peary, his African American aide, Matthew Henson and four Eskimos are the first to reach the North Pole.

1910
The Department of Commerce and Labor is established

Democratic and Republican progressives oppose the dictatorial power of the House Speaker and pass a ruling that a Rules Committee be elected by the House rather than the Speaker.

The Hay-Buneau-Varill Treaty authorizes the United Sates to construct the Panama Canal.

Roosevelt makes speeches advocating a "New Nationalism." He is angered by scandal in the conservation program and by liberal Republican policies.

The Mann-Elkin Act strengthen the powers of the interstate Commerce Commission over railroads. It also places telephone, telegraph and cable companies under the jurisdiction of the ICC.

The Mann Act prohibits the transportation of women from one state to another for immoral purposes.

Jane Addams publishes Twenty Years at Hull House.

The Boy Scouts of America and the Camp Fire Girls are founded

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